2014-12-11 10:14:53 辽宁华图公考问答 http://ln.huatu.com/wenda/ 文章来源：未知
“The word ‘protection’is no longer taboo ( 禁忌语) ”This short sentence，uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy late last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why?For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic cause.
These leaders, of course, weren't acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they'd profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned-though few acknowledge it. The Western continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asia, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade.
That's why Sarkozy's words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debate. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in free trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West. Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Joseph Schumpeter, who said that “creative destruction" was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles. Things have yet to reverse completely. But there's clearly a negative trend in Western theory and practice.
A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Look at what's happening at the IMF(International Monetary Fund). The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing
director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else's when they dominate these global institutions.
The time has therefore come for the Asians - who are clearly the new winners in today's global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade. Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there's a real danger that Adam Smith's principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die, And that would Leave all of us worse off, in one way or another.
56. It can be inferred that “protection” (Line 1, Para.1） means________.
A. improving economic efficiency
B. ending the free-trade practice
C. lowering moral standard
D. raising trade tariffs
57, The Western leaders preach free trade because________.
A. it is beneficial to their economies
B. it is supported by developing countries
C. it makes them keep faith in their principles
D. it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith
58. By “the tables have turned”(Line 4, Para. 2) the author implies that________.
A. the Western leaders have turned self-centered
B. the Asian leaders have become advocates of free trade
C. the developed economies have turned less competitive
D. the developing economies have become more independent
59. The Western economists used to like the idea of “creative destruction” because it________.
A. set a long-term rather than short-term goal
B. was an essential part of capitalist development
C. entailed a positive rather than negative mentality
D. was meant to be the destruction of developing economies
60. The author uses “IMF” as an example to illustrate the point that________.
A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocritical
B. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practice
C. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocates
D. European countries' interests are being ignored by economic leaders
参考答案
56. 答案 D。
该词出现在文章第一句The word “protection”is no longer taboo. "protection 不再是禁语了”。读完本句就可以想到protection 过去曾经是禁忌，再借助下旬：This short sentence may have launched a new era in economic history “这句话也许已经开启了经济史的新时期”，至此似乎还不能推断出protection 究竟什么含义。于是再借助下旬For decades，Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tar谁s was a natural good “过去几十年里，西方领导人一直相信降低贸易壁垒，降低关税是自然而然的好事”。现在就可以发现以下逻辑关系：过去不提protection，过去西方领导人想降低关税，降低贸易壁垒： 现在可以protection (不再是禁忌）那么protection 便意味着提高关税，提高贸易壁垒。由此我们可以确定本题答案为D项。注意： 这样的逻辑思维(反义、对立) 是解联考阅读理解题时经常需要的思维。
57. 答案 A。
本题的信息点是The Western leaders preach free trade“西方领导人鼓吹自由贸易”。该信息点出现在文章第一段第三句：For decades，Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good 。研读该信息点所在的这个句子，我们发现该旬并没有给出他们倡导自由贸易的原因，那么原因就应该在下文。研读下文我们发现接下来的一句话确实表述了原因：lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity “导致更大的经济效率和生产率”，还有improve human welfare “提高人类福祉”。一定要注意，尽管这里提到两条原因，但是下文是否还有另外原因呢？我们只能继续研读下文，斟酌是否还有其他原因。第二段第一句话又说：These leaders weren’t acting out of unselfishness. “这些领导人也不是出于无私”，这就暗示还有其他原因，接下来一句They knew their economies were the most competitive，so they’d profit most from liberalization a 他们知道他们的经济是最有竞争力的，所以他们会从自由贸易中获得最高的利润”。至此我们才找完了其所有原因，再与本题四个选项比对，我们便可以确定A 项对应第三条原因，为本题答案。
58 . 答案 C。
句意推断题如词义推断题一样，要借助上下文呈现的信息解答。本旬出现在文章第二段第四句话，最值得关注的是本句开头有转折词However，这就提示我们本句句义与上文所述内容相反。上一句话是developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior western productivity. ((发展中国家则害怕自身的经济被优越的西方经济所淹没”，同时句首的And 表明该句内容与其前一句They knew their economies were the most competitive，so they’d profit most from Liberalization 并列。由此我们可以初步推断tables have turned 暗示以下内容：1) 西方经济不再是最具竞争性的：2) 西方不再是自由化最大的受益者：3) 发展中国家不再担心他们的经济被淹没。观察本题选项我们可以得知C选项符合1) 信息，为本题答案。
59. 答案 D。
本题信息点是The Western economists used to like the idea of “creative destruction”，该信息点出现在文章第三段第七句话：Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Joseph Schumpeter, who said that “creative destruction” was an essential part of capitalist growth.仔细研读本句我们发现本句中只陈述了西方经济学家喜欢引用Joseph Schumpeter 的观点，而他的观点是“creative destruction”was an essential part of capitalist growth. 于是我们就需要在下一句找原因：But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. “他们总是假想破坏会发生在那边”。根据上下文的逻辑语义关系，这里over there 指发展中国家。由此我们得知选项D 符合上下文逻辑，为本题答案。
60. 答案 C
该事例出现在文章第四段第三句话，显然不在文章开头，也就不是用来引出主题而是为了证明观点，要证明的观点一般都会在前一句表述：The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. “真正的问题在于，西方政府继续坚持他们保持着控制国际经济的核心和经济上的机构，与此同时却离国际自由贸易渐行渐远。由此可以理解该事例在文中要证明的观点是： 他们掌控着全球主要金融机构，但是远离全球自由化。因此本题答案为C 项.
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